Control subjects

Patients

Patients with asthma

Healthy subjects

DYAR n = 23

IAR n = 24

LAR n = 16

DAR n = 17

n = 25

IL-1β

4.0 ± 1.1

5.5 ± 0.8

4.7 ± 0.3

6.0 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 0.6

IL-2

6.9 ± 0.4^*

<3.0

3.1 ± 0.1

<3.0

<3.0

IL-3

<31.2

37.4 ± 0.9^*

36.2 ± 2.3^*

39.1 ± 0.7^*

<31.2

IL-4

3.7 ± 1.0

24.6 ± 2.4^*

9.1 ± 1.5⁺

12.3 ± 1.0^*

3.2 ± 0.5

IL-5

4.8 ± 0.7

11.0 ± 3.0^*

13.5 ± 2.8^*

12.6 ± 2.2^*

<3.0

IL-6

5.0 ± 0.8

11.6 ± 1.8^*

16.3 ± 2.0^*

18.8 ± 3.3^*

<4.0

IL-7

4.8 ± 0.5

5.2 ± 0.3

7.9 ± 1.1⁺

5.5 ± 0.4

4.0 ± 0.5

IL-8

10.2 ± 2.1

9.5 ± 2.5

14.1 ± 1.9^*

10.4 ± 3.2

8.9 ± 2.4

IL-10

7.7 ± 2.2

15.8 ± 1.4^*

11.3 ± 2.0

12.9 ± 1.6

8.0 ± 1.3

IL-12p40

7.8 ± 0.6

19.3 ± 3.5^*

16.7 ± 2.9^*

15.8 ± 1.4⁺

8.5 ± 2.2

IL-12p70

15.3 ± 1.6

17.8 ± 3.1⁺

15.0 ± 1.0

14.8 ± 2.4

12.7 ± 3.1

IL-13

<3.0

5.0 ± 0.4

8.8 ± 2.0⁺

6.7 ± 1.2

<3.0

IL-16

59.6 ± 2.4

55.4 ± 3.8

59.2 ± 2.9

54.0 ± 2.5

56.8 ± 3.1

IL-17

12.3 ± 3.0^*

7.4 ± 2.0

6.8 ± 1.7

8.2 ± 1.3

6.6 ± 1.4

IL-18

20.1 ± 1.3

19.6 ± 3.8

20.5 ± 4.1

20.7 ± 3.0

18.1 ± 1.9

IFN-γ

397 ± 101^*

176 ± 29

210 ± 35

235 ± 42

211 ± 25

GM-CSF

12.1 ± 0.7⁺

6.7 ± 1.1

7.0 ± 0.4

7.3 ± 0.7

8.2 ± 0.5

G-CSF

8.1 ± 0.6^*

3.9 ± 0.6

4.2 ± 0.2

4.1 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.9

TNF-α

12.4 ± 1.1

10.1 ± 2.7

11.3 ± 3.0

10.6 ± 2.5

9.2 ± 1.6

TGF-β

16.1 ± 1.3

21.3 ± 4.1

24.8 ± 3.7⁺

23.0 ± 3.5⁺

15.0 ± 1.7